We genotyped wildtype and reversebreeding haploids and corresponding doubled haploids using evenly spaced snp mark. Doubled haploid production in crop plants pp 337349 cite as. The most efficient way to produce doubled haploids in corn is through haploid induction, he adds. Not only are traits fixed for selection but the multiple generations of inbreeding required using traditional breeding methods are. We report here the development of a novel approach, termed haploidinducer mediated genome editing imge, that combines haploid induction and genome editing technologies to create genomeedited haploids and doubled haploids, so so to accelerate crop breeding. Production and subsequent conversion of haploids into doubled haploids has many applications in genetics and plant breeding dunwell 2010. Success of early f 1 hybrid maize varieties exemplifies the advantages of heterosis. Editors bm prasanna, vijay chaikam, and george mahuku headquartered in mexico, the international maize and wheat improvement center known by its spanish acronym, cimmyt is a notforprofit agriculture research and training organization. Statistical genetics and plant breeding the national. Plant breeding and genetics laboratory ms lydia horn namibia in the green house at joint faoiaea laboratories, during training in 2009 training options offered by pbgl.
Download a pdf of statistical genetics and plant breeding by the national research council for free. Breeding programs seek different alternatives to accelerate the production of. Technique of doubling haploids was discovered in 1964 by guha and maheshwari. The use of doubled haploids dhs in maize has become ubiquitous in maize breeding programs as it allows breeders to go from cross to evaluation in as little as two years. Haploids not used in plant breeding until the 1950s. Production of haploids and doubled haploids in oil palm. Selection on optimal haploid value increases genetic gain. Haploids and doubled haploids in plant breeding, plant breeding, ibrokhim y.
For doubled haploid dh production in maize, f1 generation has been the most frequently used for haploid induction due to facility in the. Mutation breeding for food security 03 july 2017, vietnam. Everything you need to know about doubled haploids in crop improvement. Major advantages of dh lines in hybrid breeding are i maximum genetic variance, ii complete homozygosity, iii short time to market, iv simplified logistics, v reduced expenses, and vi optimal aptitude for marker applications. Doubled haploids in crop improvement crops plant breeding. Forster bp, thomas wtb 2005 doubled haploids in genetics and plant breeding. Application of doubled haploid technology in breeding of. The use of doubled haploids as parents for f 1 variety production fully exploits this phenomenon and has enabled substantial yield improvements in several crops 2, 3. Doubled haploids in genetics and plant breeding plant. Forster and others published doubled haploids in genetics and plant breeding find, read and cite all the research you. Pdf haploids and doubled haploids in plant breeding.
Strategies for exploiting doubled haploids dhs vary within and among species and are dependent upon available technologies. We converted these haploids into fertile diploids doubled haploids by collecting the rare seeds following selfpollination of the haploids see online methods. Today, advanced plant breeding technologies enable far more significant improvements in far less time. Effect of f1 and f2 generations on genetic variability and working. Institute of plant breeding, seed science, and population genetics, university of hohenheim, 70593 stuttgart, germany. Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from. Number versus size of crosses and importance of parental selection in twostage selection for testcross performance. Doubled haploids in genetics and plant breeding request pdf. A comparison of dihaploids doubled haploids with diploid wild plant species will be useful to trace the evolutionary origin of various plants. Genomic selection, which makes use of both phenotypes and genotypes, has been shown to further improve genetic gain through prediction of performance before or without phenotypic characterization of novel germplasm. Doubled haploids versus conventional breeding in cimmyt.
This article provides the state of the art on dh technology including the induction. Plant breeding is the art and science of changing the genetics of plants for the benefit of mankind. Doubled haploids refer to the diploid lines which are obtained by doubling the chromosome number of a haploid line by colchicine treatment. Reverse breeding in arabidopsis thaliana generates. Haploids and doubled haploi ds in plant breeding 89 chromosome elimination occurs in early embryogenesis or fertilization of the egg cell does not occur, and the development of the haploid embryo is triggered by pollination of polar nuclei and the develo pment of endosperm. Forster and others published doubled haploids in genetics and plant breeding find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
Pfeiffer, and jiankang wang abstract doubled haploid dh technology has been used in breeding programs for several decades and is currently the method of choice in a number. Brand manager, said these impressive results can be attributed to the highyield potential of agrigolds elite genetics and advanced trait technology, the farmers knowledge and skills, and the infield support customers receive from agrigolds agronomic team. It contains various protocols and approaches of dh production proven for different germplasm of the same species. A key question in applying doubled haploid technology in maize breeding is the generation during which haploids should be induced. Practical learning the cytogenetics laboratory, various chemicals to be used for fixation, dehydration, embedding, staining, cleaning etc. The production of doubled haploids dh has become a necessary tool in advanced plant breeding institutes and commercial companies for breeding many crop species. Doublehaploid induction speeds up plantbreeding process. Simple and composite interval mapping sim and cim are.
A total of 563 doubled haploids were produced from 12 of these lines, by the in vitro method of fletcher et al. Institute of plant genetics and crop plant research ipk, germany 1 introduction 559 2 major principles and formats of customizable endonucleases 560 3 delivery of customized endonucleases to cells 562. Safeguarding our genetic resources with libraries of. The section of plant breeding and genetics in the college of agriculture and life sciences is a center of excellence for classical plant breeding, as well as molecular approaches to crop improvement and creation of superior agricultural, horticultural, and ornamental varieties. The doubled haploid materials obtained will be evaluated for plant phenotype, vigor, fertility, disease resistance, and performance in hybrid combinations, in conjunction with evaluation of traditionally bred inbreds in the cornell onion breeding program. This is the first manual presenting a set of protocols for production of doubled haploids dh in 22 major crop plant species including 4 tree species.
Production and identification of doubled haploids in. A doubled haploid laboratory for kansas wheat breeding ifama. The main factors affecting haploid induction and subsequent regeneration of. Introduction the use of haploid plants in the breeding was possible after detection of the line stock 6 coe, 1959, which has the ability to induce maternal haploids with a frequency of 2%. On the use of doubled haploids in genetics and breeding of coffea. The studies proposed will provide a test of the role doubled haploids can play in speeding. Genome mapping, a recent development in molecular biology, can be more conveniently achieved by using doubled haploid plant species. Haploids and doubled haploids in plant breeding intechopen.
Theoretical benefits and working protocols are not however sufficient to justify dh deployment in breeding. Doubled haploid production for thousands of years, farmers have worked to improve their crop varieties, slowly breeding new traits over many generations. Boddupalli, markerassisted breeding of improved maternal haploid inducers in maize for the tropicalsubtropical regions, frontiers in plant science, 10. Two important aspects of the in vivo dh system used in maize are. Hemizygous 1n one dose of an allele homozygous two doses of same allele. Their generation and application in plant breeding authors. Maize doubled haploid dh technology provides fixed, pure lines from a.
It can be done cheaply in the field and is broadly applicable across all genetic starting material. Doubled haploid dh production has become an important tool in plant breeding largely due to its capacity to produce completely homozygous plants in one generation. Allow the development of hybrid lethality as a phenotypic trait and marker. By using doubled haploids dhs, homozygous and homogeneous lines can be. Reif institute of plant breeding, seed science and population genetics university of hohenheim, d. The protocols describe in detail all steps of dh production from donor plants growth conditions, through in vitro procedures. Hybrid maize breeding with doubled haploid lines plant breeding. Early testing prior to doubled haploid dh production is a promising approach in hybrid maize breeding. The discovery of haploids in higher plants led to the use of doubled haploid dh technology in plant breeding. We show, with highdensity genotyping in five landraces of maize, that libraries of doubledhaploid dh lines capture the allelic. Genetics and plant breeding course structure at a glance. In many crops, their utilization is hampered because they represent heterogeneous populations of heterozygous genotypes, which harbor a high genetic load.
Use of doubled haploid dh lines produced by in vivo induction of maternal haploids are routinely used in maize zea mays l. Haploid plant production followed by chromosome doubling offers the possibility of developing completely homozygous genotypes from heterozygote parents in. You may store files that are automatically cached by. Discrimination of haploid and diploid maize kernels via. Should maize doubled haploids be induced among f 1 or f2. Doubled haploid production in crop plants a manual, plant.
Dhs are also useful for genetic mapping of complex qualitative traits. Production of doubled haploids will be the quickest if haploids are induced among f 1 plants. This chapter has provided a brief introduction and overview to the use of doubled haploids in wheat breeding, together with background information on the research presented here, which. These include the use of doubled haploids, transformation, genomics and molecular markers. Novel techniques for development of haploids in crop plants cimmyts experience on crop improvement using doubled haploidy genetic and transgenic approaches for haploid plant production application of dna markers in haploid breeding commercial production of double haploids with special reference to horticulture crops registration fee. However, the development of new, more efficient and cheaper large scale production protocols has meant that doubled haploids are also recently being applied in less advanced breeding. There are many factors influencing the deployment of doubled haploidy in breeding. The f4f5 population of japonica x indica derived cross dubraj x ir 75862206283b. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view. Doubled haploids are routinely created and phenotypically selected in plant breeding programs to accelerate the breeding cycle. Androgenic studies in the production of haploids and doubled.
Doubled haploids versus conventional breeding in cimmyt wheat breeding programs huihui li, ravi p. Following baenziger and depauw 2009, this overview will discuss. This strategy was outlined with the first dh crop variety and has led to hdh production systems being described for 250 species. The plant breeding and genetics section assists fao and iaea member states in the implementation of innovative and effective plant breeding programmes using radiation induced mutation, mutation detection and prebreeding technologies. As an advantage, doubled haploid plants have a great application in genetic and. Use of double haploid as basic germ plasm for breeding new variety. Doubled haploid dh technology is a powerful tool in plant breeding to. Doubled haploids for estimating genetic variances and a. The doubled haploidy is one of the fundamental tools of plant breeding which provides the fastest way to accelerate plant breeding and develop homozygous lines in the shortest possible time. Doubled haploid offers a great perspective in plants having the effective role in plant selection and other breeding programs.
Among the most promising emerging technologies is the production of doubled haploids genetically pure plant lines that offer a quick. Production and use of haploids, dihaploids and doubled haploids in genetics and breeding. Application in plant breeding doubled haploids are competent and valuable research tool for acquiring fast homozygosity in a heterozygous offspring in a single step. Thousands of landraces are stored in seed banks as gold reserves for future use in plant breeding. Doubled haploid production heartland plant innovations. This article provides the state of the art on dh technology including the induction and identification of haploids, what factors influence haploid induction, molecular basis of microspore embryogenesis, the genetics underpinnings of haploid induction and its use in plant breeding.
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